Which of the following is an example of acquired heart disease?

Infective endocarditis is classified as an acquired heart disease because it develops after birth due to infection, often resulting from bacteria entering the bloodstream and settling in the heart tissue or heart valves. This condition primarily affects individuals who have pre-existing heart defects, abnormal heart structures, or other risk factors, such as weakened immune systems or certain medical conditions. The onset after birth distinguishes it from congenital heart diseases, which are present at birth.

In contrast, the other options represent congenital heart diseases, which are structural problems of the heart that occur during fetal development. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome, transposition of the great vessels, and septal defects are all examples of congenital defects that typically arise as the heart forms in utero. Recognizing the distinction between congenital and acquired conditions is essential in pediatric cardiology, as it impacts diagnosis, management, and treatment strategies.