What surgical procedure is commonly used for atrial septal defect closure?

The surgical procedure commonly used for atrial septal defect (ASD) closure is surgical patch closure or catheter-based closure. Atrial septal defects involve an opening in the septum between the heart's atria that allows blood to flow between the chambers, which can lead to increased blood flow to the lungs and potential complications such as pulmonary hypertension or heart failure if left untreated.

Surgical patch closure involves open-heart surgery, where a patch is used to close the defect directly. This method is typically performed in children with significant ASDs who exhibit symptoms or are at risk of developing complications. Alternatively, catheter-based closure is a less invasive option that has become increasingly popular. It is performed by inserting a device through a catheter to close the defect without the need for major surgery. This technique requires careful imaging and is optimal for specific types of secundum ASDs, which are more common.

In contrast, ventricular repair primarily addresses issues with the ventricles and would not be relevant for an ASD. Heart transplant is reserved for patients with end-stage heart failure or severe heart defects that cannot be repaired. Balloon valvuloplasty is typically utilized for narrowing of the heart valves rather than defects in the septal walls, such as ASDs. Therefore, the correct