In relation to Kawasaki Disease (KD), which of the following complications is considered the most serious?

Kawasaki Disease is a vasculitis that primarily affects children and is characterized by inflammation of blood vessels, particularly those that supply the heart. One of the most critical complications associated with Kawasaki Disease is the development of coronary artery aneurysms.

Coronary artery aneurysms can lead to serious long-term consequences, including myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death, due to the risk of thrombosis or rupture in the affected coronary arteries. The aneurysms form as a result of the inflammation and damage to the arterial walls during the disease process. Timely diagnosis and treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and aspirin are crucial in reducing the incidence of these complications.

In contrast, joint pain, sore throat, and fever are common symptoms or less severe complications associated with Kawasaki Disease. While these symptoms can cause discomfort and warrant management, they do not pose the same level of risk to cardiac health as coronary artery aneurysms do. Thus, the most serious complication of Kawasaki Disease is indeed the formation of coronary artery aneurysms, which require careful monitoring and intervention to mitigate long-term risks.